Chemistry
Chemistry calculators
Molar mass, moles, concentrations, pH and ideal gases: the calculations every stoichiometry problem rests on.
Which calculation you need
Almost every chemistry exercise starts from the same chain: the formula gives the molar mass, the molar mass and the grams give the moles, and from the moles you apply the ratios of the reaction. The molar mass calculator reads formulas written as textbooks write them, nested brackets and the water of crystallisation of hydrates included, and also returns the percentage composition. The moles calculator converts in every direction between grams, moles, number of particles and litres of gas. Concentrations cover the ways a solution gets described — molarity, molality, percentages by mass and by volume, ppm — plus the dilution M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, which is the most frequent calculation of all. pH and ideal gases close the two topics the later years treat separately.
Periodic table
All 118 elements, searchable by name, symbol or atomic number, each with its full record.
Molar mass
Molar mass from a chemical formula, with the percentage composition of every element.
Moles
Conversion between grams, moles, number of particles and volume of gas at STP.
Concentration and dilution
Molarity, molality, percentages, ppm and the dilution formula M₁V₁ = M₂V₂.
pH and pOH
pH, pOH and the concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻, with strong acids and bases.
Ideal gas law
The equation of state PV = nRT and transformations between two states of a gas.
Chemical equation balancer
Balance any chemical equation, ionic and redox included, with the smallest coefficients and an atom-by-atom check.
Stoichiometry and limiting reagent
Limiting reagent, theoretical and percentage yield and excess reactants from grams or moles.